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Posted -
2004/9/20 ¤U¤È 09:10:14

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Mahakassapa---Father of the Sangha

¦¹¤åĶ¦Û ´µ¨½Äõ¥d¦ò±Ð¥Xª©ªÀ»P¬ü°ê´¼¼z¥Xª©ªÀ©ó1997¦~¦@¦P¥Xª©ªº
¡m¦òªûªº°¶¤j¸t§Ì¤l/ Great Disciples of the Buddha¡n¤§²Ä¤T³¹
¡q¤j­{¸­¡G¹¬¹Î¤§¤÷/ Mahakassapa¡GFather of The Sangha¡r
by Nyanaponika Thera & Dr. Hellmuth Hecker

³¯·OÄõ Ķ 2003-3-30

¤@¡B­{¸­ªº¦­¦~ (Kassapa¡¦s Early Years)
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¦³«Ü¦h¦]¯À¡A«P¦¨¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¦b­è¥¢¥h¨ÌÌ|ªº¹¬¹Î¤¤¶W¸sÅã»®¡C¥L¤£¦ý¾Ö¦³¦òªû¤§¤T¤Q¤GºØ¡u¤j¤V¤Ò¯S¬Û / marks of a great man¡vªº¨ä¤¤¤CºØ¡A¦Ó¥B³Q¥@´L¸ØÆg¥Lªº­×¦æ¦¨´N©MÅéµý¡C¥L¬O°ß¤@»P¦òªû¥æ´«¹¬³Tªº§Ì¤l¡A³o¬O¤@¶µ¯S®íºaÅA¡F¥L¨ã¦³³Ì°ªµ{«×ªº¡u¤Q¶µ¼Öªk«~½è / ten qualities that inspire confidence¡v¡F¦Ó¥B¥L¬O«ù§Ù©M­P¤O©óÀYªû¦æÁIªÌªº¼Ò½d¡C ©Ò¥H¡A¥L¾á·í³o¥Ñ¥Lºò«æ«Øij©Ò¥l³êªº¡u²Ä¤@¦¸¹¬¹Î¤jµ²¶° / the First Council of the Sangha¡v¤§»â¾ÉªÌ¡A¨Ã¤£¥O¤H·N¥~¡CÅãµM¦a¡A°ò©ó¬Û¦Pªº²z¥Ñ¡A³o¦ì¥O¤H·q¬Èªº´LªÌ¡A«á¨Ó¦b¤¤°ê©M¤é¥»¦¨¬°¤¤°êÁI©v©M¤é¥»ÁIªº¯ª®v¡C

¤j­{¸­´LªÌ»P¦òªûªº¥t¥~¤G¦ì¤j§Ì¤l---ªÙ§Q¥±©M¥ØÞ¥³s´LªÌ¡A³£¬O±Cùªùªº«áÚáC¥L¤ñ«ü¦òªû¦­´X¦~¥X¥Í©ó¼¯´¦ªû°ê(Magadha country)ªº¤@­Ó¤j§ø²øMahatittha¡A¬OKapila©MSumanadeviªº¨à¤l¡A¥»¦W¥s²¦¨K§Q(Pipphali)¡C¥L¤÷¿Ë¾Ö¦³¤Q¤»­Ó§ø²ø¡A°]¶Õ¦³¦p¤@­Ó¤p°ê¤ý¡A©Ò¥H²¦¨K§Q¬O¦bºaµØ´I¶Q¤¤ªø¤jªº¡C¦ý¬O¡A¥L¦~»´®É´N¤x´÷±æ²æÂ÷¤Z«U¥Í¬¡¡A¤£·Qµ²±B¡A¥Lªº¤÷¥À«o¤£Â_¦aºR«P¥L»°§Ö°ù©d¡A¥L§i¶D¤÷¥À»¡¡A¥L­n¨Í©^¥L­Ì²×¦Ñ¡A¤§«á´N­n¥h¥X®a¥h¡C¥i¬O¥Lªº¤÷¥À¤@¦Aªº­¢¨Ï¥L°ù©d¡A¬°¤F²á¼¢¥À¿Ë¡A¥L©ó¬O¦P·Nµ²±B---¦ý¦³¤@­Ó±ø¥ó---³o¤k¤l¥²¶·²Å¦X¥Lªº§¹¬ü²z·Q¡C

¥L¯S·N©e½Ðª÷¦K¬°¥L¥´³y¤@´L¬üÄRªº¶Àª÷¤k¤H¡A¤S¥Hºë½oªº¦çªA©M¹¢ª«±N¥¦¸Ë§ê¤@µf¡A¤§«á®³¥hµ¹¤÷¥À¬Ý¡A¨Ã¥B»¡¡G¡u¦pªG§A­Ì¥i¥H¬°§Ú§ä¨ì¸ò³oª÷¹³¤@¼Ëªº¤k¤H¡A§Ú¤~­n¯d¦b®a¹L¤Z«U¥Í¬¡¡C¡v¥Lªº¥À¿Ë¬O¦ìÁo©ú¤k¤H¡A³o¼Ë·QµÛ¡G¡u§Úªº¨à¤l¤@©w¬O¦b¹L¥h¥Í¤x¸g§¹¦¨¤F(ªiù»e)¼wÅtµ½¦æ¡A¦Ó¥B¤@©w¬O»P³oª÷¹³¤@¼Ëªº¤k¤H¦@¦P§¹¦¨¤F¼wÅtµ½¦æ¡C¡v¦o©ó¬O±µ¬¢¤F¤K¦ì±Cùªù¡A½à½ç¥L­Ì¶Q­«ªºÂ§ª«¡A­n¥L­Ì±aµÛ³oª÷¹³¡A¥h´M§ä»P¤§¬Û¦üªº¤k¤l¡C³o¨Ç±Cùªù«äij¡G¡u§Ú­Ì¥ý¥hMadda°ê¡A¨º¨à¬O¬ü¤kªº¶Àª÷Äq²£¦a¡C¡v²×©ó¦bMadda°êªºSagala¦a¤è¡A¥L­Ì§ä¨ì¤F¤@¦ì»Pª÷¹³¦P¼Ë¬üÄRªº¤k¤l¡A¦o¦W¥s¤Ú¹F ­{²¦Äõ¥§(Bhadda Kapilani)¡A¬O¤@´I»¨±Cùªùªº¤k¨à¡A¤µ¦~¤Q¤»·³¡A¤ñ²¦¨K§Q¤p¥|·³¡C¤Ú¹Fªº¤÷¥ÀµªÀ³¤F³oªù¿Ë¨Æ¡A³o¤K¦ì±Cùªù´N¦^¥h³ø³ß¤F¡C

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©ó¬O¡A¤Ú¹F®¥·q¦a¶¦æ²¦¨K§Q¤T°é¡A¦A¥ñ­º¦b¥Lªº¨¬«e§«ô¡A³Ì«áÂù¤â¦X´x»¡¡G¡u§Ú­Ì¿Ëªñªº¦ñ«Q©M¤Í½ËÃö«Y¡A¬OÄò±µ©ó¤£¥i´úª¾ªº¹L¥h¡A¦Ó²×¤î©ó¤µ¤é¡A´N½Ð§A©¹¥kÃ䪺¸ô¨«¡A¦Ó§Ú¡AÀ³¸Ó©¹¥t¤@Ãä¥h¡C¡v´N³o¼Ë¡A¥L­Ì¤À¶}¤F¡A¥L­Ì¦U¨«¦Uªº¸ô¡A¬°´M¨D¨º±R°ªªº¥Ø¼Ð---·À­W---¨s³º¸Ñ²æªºªüùº~¸t¹D¡C¾Ú»¡¡A¥Ñ©ó¥L­Ì§Ù¼w«Â¤Oªº¾_¾Ù¡A¨Ï±o¤j¦a·n°Ê¡BŸ§Ý¡A¤Ñ¤Wµo¥XÅF¶©¹pÅT¡A¦Ó¥B¥@¬ÉÃä¹Òªº¤s¯ßÀ»Àú¦@»ï¡C

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¤G¡B¡qBhadda Kapilani / ¤Ú¹F ­{¤ñÂÅ¥§¡r¤§¤¤Ä¶

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¤T¡B¡qThe Samsaric Background¡r
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¥|¡B­{¸­Âk¨Ì¦òªû (How Kassapa Came to The Buddha)
·í³o¤G¦ì­×¦æ¤H¤À¶}®É¡A¤j¦a³Q¥L­Ì±ËÂ_¥XÂ÷ªº«Â¼w¤O¶q©Ò·n°Ê¡A³o®É¦òªû·P¨ü¨ì¤j¦aªºÅ¸§Ý¡Aª¾¾å¨ä¤¤·N¸q---¤@¦ì¶W©Þªº§Ì¤l¥¿¦VµÛ¥L¦Ó¨Ó¡C©ó¬O¦òªû¨S¦³ª¾·|¥ô¦ó¤ñ¥C¡A´N³æ¿W¥~¥X¡A¨«¤F¤­­ù¸ô»·¥h·|¨£¥L¥¼¨Óªº¾Ç¥Í---¦òªû³o·O´d¦æ¬°«á¨Ó¸g±`³QÆg´­(Jat. 469, Introd.)

´N¦b¤ýªÙ«°(Rajagaha)©M¨ºÄõªû(Nalanda)¤§¶¡ªº¸ô¤W¡A¥@´L§¤¦b¾aBahuputtaka¯«·µªº¤@®èº_¾ð¤U¡Aµ¥­Ô¥L¥¼¨Óªº¾Ç¥Í¨ì¹F¡C¥L¤£¹³¶Ç²Î­×¦æªÌ¨º¼Ë½L§¤µÛ¡A¦Ó¬O®i²{¥X²øÄYÀéÄꪺ¦ò¥ú¡A¥Lµo®g80¤½¤Ø¶ê©Pªº¥ú¨~¡A¨Ï¾ã­ÓÂOªL¦¨¬°¤@®y¥ú¹Î¡A¦P®É²{¥X¤j¤V¤Òªº32¬Û¡C·í¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¨«ªñ¥ú¹Î¡A¬Ý¨£¦òªûºÝ§¤¦b¤@¦ì¥¿Ä±ªÌ©Ò¬Õº¡ªº½÷¨~¤¤®É¡A¥LÁͦV¦ò«e¡A¥ñ­º³»Â§¦ò¨¬¡A«Å»¡¡G¡u¥@´L¡A°¶¤jªº¸tªÌ¡A±z¬O§Úªº¦Ñ®v¡A§Ú¬O±zªº§Ì¤l¡I¥@´L¡A°¶¤jªº¸tªÌ¡A±z¬O§Úªº¦Ñ®v¡A§Ú¬O±zªº§Ì¤l¡I¡v

¥@´L¦^µª¡G¡u­{¸­¡A°²¦p¥ô¦ó¤H¤£¦p¹êª¾¡A¤£¦p¹ê¨£¡A«o¹ï¤@­Ó¹³§A³o»òªÃ½á¯u¸Ûªº§Ì¤l»¡¡A¡§§Ú¦p¹êª¾¡A§Ú¦p¹ê¨£¡A¡¨ ¨º»ò¥LªºÀY±N·|µõ¶}¡C¦ý¬O¡A¤j­{¸­¡A¦p¹êª¾¹Dªº¡A§Ú»¡ ¡§§Úª¾¹D¡¨¡F ¦p¹ê¨£¨ìªº¡A§Ú»¡ ¡§§Ú¨£¨ì¡¨ Kassapa, if anyone who does not know and see were to say to a disciple endowed with such sincerity as yourself, ¡§I know, I see,¡¨ his head would split. But Kassapa, knowing, I say ¡§I know¡¨¡Fseeing, I say ¡§I see.¡¨¡v©ó¬O¡A¦òªûµ¹¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¦p¤U¤T­Ó±Ð»|¡A§@¬°²Ä¤@¦¸¥¿¦¡ªº¡uªk¡vªº¶Ç±Â¡C

­{¸­¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¦p¬O°V½m¦Û¤v¡G¡u¦b¹¬¹Îªø¦Ñ¡B¨FÀ±©M¤¤¶¥¤ñ¥C­±«e¡A§Ú­n¥Í°_±Ó

¾U¤§¥Ç¿ùªº²ÛºF¤ß©M©Æ¬È¤ß(¦³ºF¦³·\)¡CYou should train yourself thus, Kassapa: 'A

keen sense of shame and fear of wrong-doing (hiri-ottappa) shall be present in me towards seniors, novices, and those of middle status in the Order.¡v

¡u§Ú©ÒÅ¥¨ìªº¥ô¦óªk¸q¡A³£¬O¦³¯q©ó¾É¦V¥¿µ½ªº¡AÀ³¸Ó±Mª`Å¥»D¡B§à¾Ü¥¦¡B¹ê½î

¥¦¡B¥þ¤ß¿Ä¤J¨ä¶¡¡CWhatever teaching I hear that is conducive to something wholesome, I shall listen to with an attentive ear, examining it, reflecting on it, absorbing it with all my heart.¡v

¡u»P¨­Æ[©À³B³sµ²ªº°ª¿³Ä±¨ü¡A§Ú¤£À³©¿µø¡I¡v¤j­{¸­¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¦p¬O°V½m¦Û¤v¡CMindfulness of the body linked with gladness shall not be neglected by me!¡vThus should you train yourself.

½×®Ñ°O¸ü¡A³o¤T­Ó±Ð»|§¹¦¨¤F¤j­{¸­ªº¥X®a©M¨ã¨¬§Ù¡CµM«á¡A¤G¦ì®v¥Í¦V¤ýªÙ«°¤è¦V¨«¥h¡C¥b³~¤¤¡A¦òªû­n·²®§¡A«K¨«¨ì¸ô®Çªº¤@­Ó¾ð´°¡A¤j­{¸­´N±N¦Û¤vªº¹¬¦÷±ù¥~¦ç§éÅ|¬°¥|¤À¤§¤@¡A½Ð¨D¥@´L§¤¦b¤W­±¡G¡u³o±N¬O¬°¤F§Ú¤[»·ªº§Q¯q(as this will be for my benefit for a long time)¡C¡v¦òªû©ó¬O§¤¦b¥Lªº¹¬¦÷±ù¥~¦ç¤W¡A¨Ã»¡¡G¡u¤j­{¸­¡A§Aªº¹¬¦ç²Ó¬X¡C¡vÅ¥¤F³o¸Ü¡A¤j­{¸­¦^µª¡G¡u¥@´L¡A°¶¤jªº¸tªÌ¡A¬°·O·]§Ú½Ð±z±µ¨ü³o¥óºó±µªº¹¬¦ç¡C¡v

¡u¦ý¬O¡A¤j­{¸­¡A§A¯à¬ï§Ú³o¥ó¯}Äꪺ²Ê³Â¹¬¦ç¶Ü¡H¡v¤j­{¸­´LªÌº¡ÃhÅw³ßªº»¡¡G¡u·íµMÄ@·N¡A°¶¤jªº¸tªÌ¡A§Ú¥i¥H¬ï¥@´Lªº²ÊÁW¡B¯}Ä깬¦ç¡C¡v

³o¥æ´«¹¬³T¡A¬O±Â¤©¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¤@­Ó±R°ªªººaÅA---¤@­Ó¤£³Q¨ä¥L§Ì¤l¤À¨Éªº®íºa¡C½×®Ñ¸Ì¸ÑÄÀ»¡¡A¦òªû»P¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¥æ´«¹¬¦çªº¥Î·N¡A¬O¦b¿EÀy¥L±q¤@¤J¹¬¹Î¶}©l¡A«K­n«ù¦uÀYªû¦æ¡CÁöµM¡A¦òªû¥¿Ä±«á¡AÄþ³d¨º¹L«× ¡§¦Û§Ú­h«Ý¡¨ªº­W¦æ¬Oª¼¥Ø¦æ¬°¡A¬O ¡§µh­W¡B¨õ½â©MµL¯qªº¡¨¡A¦ý¦òªû¨M¤£§_©wÀYªû¦æ»P¡u¤¤¹D¡v¬[ºcªº¿Ó½Õ¡C ¯u¹êªº¡u¤¤¹D¡v¸q¡A¤£¬O¤@±ø«Ø¥ß¦b»´©öªï¦X(¦Û¤v©Î¥L¤H²ß®ð) ªºµÎ¾A¤j¹D¡A¦Ó¬O¤@±ø«Ø¥ß¦b±ËÂ÷³g·R©M¯à§Ô¨üÁ}¨¯¡B³h¹¼ªº©t±I¡BÅÉ®k¹D¸ô¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦òªû¹ªÀy¨º¨Ç¯à±q²`¤ß³B³Ì·L²Óªº°õ¨ú¤§®Ú¸Ñ²æ¥X¨Óªº¯u¥¿§Q®ÚªÌ±Ä¨úÀYªû¦æ---®í³ÓªºÀYªû¦æ¦³¯q©ó¦w³h¡Bª¾¨¬¡B±ËÂ÷©Mºë¶i---¦Ó¥B¦òªû¸g±`Æg´­¨º¨Ç¿í¦æÀYªû¦æªÌ¡C­ì©l¸t¨å­«½Æ¦a¨ÒÁ|¤F´X¶µÀYªû¦æ«ù¡G¥u¥Î¤T¦ç (§Y¤W¦ç¡B¤U»n©M¹¬¦÷±ù¥~¦ç)¡F¥u¬ïÀ˨Ӫº¯}¥¬©Òºó±µªº¹¬¦ç (¦Ó©Úµ´¦b®a¤H¨Ñ¾iªº¹¬¦ç)¡F¶È¥H¦«²Ú¬°¥Í (¦Ó©Úµ´¦b®a¤HªºÁܽÐ)¡F¶È¦w©~¦b´ËªL¤¤ (¦Ó©Úµ´¦í¦b«°¥«ªº¦x¼q¸Ì)¡C¦b½×®Ñ¸Ì¡AÀYªû¦æ«ù³QÂX¥R¨ì¤Q¤T±ø¡A´N¦p¡m²M²b¹D½×¡n¸Ì©Ò¸Ô²Ó±Ô­zªºÀYªû¦æÁI­×¥Í¬¡¡C

¦òªûµ¹¤j­{¸­ªº³o¥ó¹¬¦ç¬O±q¤õ¸®³õÀ˨Ӫº¥]»q¦º¤Hªº¥¬¶ô©Òºó±µ¦Ó¦¨ªº¡C¥L°Ý¤j­{¸­¬O§_¯à¬ï³o¥ó¹¬¦ç¡A¬O·t¥ÜµÛ¥L¦pªG§¹¥þ©Ó¿Õ­n«ù¦uÀYªû¦æ¡A´N¶·­n¤@¥ó³o¼Ëªº¹¬¦ç¡C¤j­{¸­ªÖ©w¥L¯à°÷¬ï¤W³o¥ó¹¬¦ç¡G¡u¬Oªº¡A°¶¤jªº¸tªÌ¡A§Ú¯à¹ê½î±z­n§Ú©Ó¾áªºÀYªû¦æ¡C¡v±q¨º®É°_¡A¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¥ß§Ó²×¥ÍÄY«ùÀYªû¦æ¡A¬Æ¦Ü¨ì¤F¦Ñ¦~¡A¨ÌµM°í«ù­n¼i¦æ¥L¦~»´®Éªº»}¨¥¡C«á¨Ó¦òªû«ÅºÙ¡A¤j­{¸­¬O©Ò¦³ÀYªû¦æªÌªº¼Ò½d---ÀYªû¦æ²Ä¤@ªÌ¡A¥Ñ¬O¶êº¡¦¨´N¤F¤j­{¸­´LªÌ©ó¹L¥hµL¼Æ¥Íªº¥»§Óªì°J¡C

´N¦b¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¨ü¨ã¨¬§Ù»P¦òªû¥æ´«¹¬¦ç«á¶È¶È¢¶¤Ñ¡A¥LÀò±o¤FºÜ¤O¶i¨úªº¥Ø¼Ð---ªüùº~ªG---·Ð´oº|ºÉ¡A¤ß±o¨s³º¸Ñ²æ¡C¦b±ß´Á¡A¥L¦VªüÃø´LªÌ­Ó§O´£°_³o¬q¨Æ¥ó¡G¡u¦n¤Í¡A§Ú´N¦p¤@­Ó­t¶ÅªÌ¦Y¤F¢¶¤Ñ±q¥Á¶¡¦«²Ú±o¨Óªº­¹ª«¡AµM«á¦b²Ä¢·¤Ñ¡Aªüùº~ªº¨s³º´¼¼z¦b§Ú¤ß¤¤¥Í°_¡C(¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:11)¡v

¡@

¤­¡B­{¸­»P¦òªûªº¦]½t (Kassapa¡¦s Relationship to the Buddha)
§Ú­Ì¤x¬Ý¨ì¤F¤j­{¸­´LªÌ»P¦òªû¤§¶¡¦³µÛ«Ü²`ªº¤º¦b¦]½t(inner relationship)¡C®Ú¾Ú§Ú­Ìªº¶Ç²Î¸ê®Æ¡A³o¤º¦b¦]½t¦b¥L­Ìªº¹L¥h¥@´N¤x²Ï®Ú¤F¡F®Ú¾Ú¡m¥»¥Í½Í¡nªº¬G¨Æ¡A¤j­{¸­´LªÌ»PµÐ´£ÂĹF(«ü¦òªû«e¥Í)¦³¤Q¤E¥@Ãö«Y¡A¤j¦h¼Æ¬O®a®x¦å½tªºµ²¦X¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤»¦¸¥L¬O¦òªûªº¤÷¿Ë¡A¤G¦¸¬O¥S§Ì¡A¨ä¾l¬Ò¬OªB¤Í©Î¦Ñ®vÃö«Y¡C³o¦¸ªº·|¦X¤£¬O¥L­Ìªº²Ä¤@¦¸¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¡A¬°¤°»ò·í¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¤@¬Ý¨ì¦òªû®É¡A¤ß¤¤§Y¨è¥Í°_±j¯Pªº¼°¸Û©M¥þ¤ß¥þ·NªºÂk¦V¡C

¤j­{¸­´LªÌªº³Ì«á¤@¥Í¸Ì¡A°O¸üµÛ¦òªû»P³o¦ì°¶¤j¸t§Ì¤l¤§¶¡ªº³\¦h¹ï¸Ü¡C¦³¤T­Ó³õ¦X¥@´L¸ò¥L»¡¡G¡u¤j­{¸­¡A¥h±Ð¥Ü¤ñ¥C­Ì¡Aµ¹¥L­Ì¤@­Óªk¸qªº¶}¥Ü¡C¤j­{¸­¡A§Ú¡A©ÎªÌ§AÀ³¸Ó±Ð¥Ü¤ñ¥C­Ì¡A§Ú¡A©ÎªÌ§AÀ³¸Óµ¹¥L­Ì¤@­Óªk¸qªº¶}¥Ü¡C(¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:6)¡v³o¨Ç¹ï¸Ü¸Ì·N¨ýµÛ¦òªû¹ï¤j­{¸­ªº¯à¤Oªº°ª«×»{¥i¡A¦]¬°¤£¬O¨C­Óªüùº~³£¯à°÷¤Á­n©M¹ê®Ä¦a±Nªk¸q¸Ñ»¡¥X¨Ó¡C

½×®Ñ¸Ì´£¥X³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¬°¤°»ò¤j­{¸­³Q¦òªû©ñ¦b¦p¦¹±R°ªªº¦a¦ì¡A¦Ó¤£¬OªÙ§Q¥±©M¥ØÞ¥³s©O¡H½×®Ñ»¡¡A¦òªû¤§©Ò¥H³o»ò°µ¡A¬O¦]¬°¥Lª¾¹DªÙ§Q¥±©M¥ØÞ¥³s±N¤ñ¥L¦­¤J¯Iºn¡A¦Ó¤j­{¸­±N¤ñ¥L±ß¡A¦]¦¹¥L­n¦b²³¤ñ¥C­±«e¾ð¥ß¤j­{¸­ªº«Â¼w§Î¹³¡AÅý¤ñ¥C­Ì»{ª¾¤j­{¸­ªº±Ð»|¬O­n¯d¤ßªº¡C

¦b¤T­Ó³õ¦X¸Ì¡A¨C·í¦òªû­n¤j­{¸­¥h±Ð»|¤ñ¥C®É¡A¥L³£©Úµ´µªÀ³¡F²Ä¤@¦¸¥L§i¶D¦òªû¡G¡u²{¦bªº¥X®a¤H«ÜÃø±Ð¤Æ¡A¥L­Ì©¾¨¥°f¦Õ¡B¤£¶¶±q¡B¤£µê¤ß±µ¨ü§i»|¡F¬Æ¦Ü¦³¤G­Ó¤ñ¥C³o¼Ë¦Û¸Ø¥L­Ìªººt»¡§Þ¥©¡G¡§¨Ó¡AÅý§Ú­Ì¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý½Öªººt»¡¸û¬°Â×´I¡BµØÄR©M­@¤[¡C¡¨¡v¦òªû©ó¬O¶Ç¨Ó³o¤G­Ó¤ñ¥C¡Aµ¹¤©¥L­ÌÄY¼Fªº°V¸Ü¡A¥O¥L­Ì¥h°£¤F¥®¸Xªº¦Û­t¦æ¬° (¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:6)¡C¥Ñ¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¤j­{¸­­t­±ªº³ø§i¨Ï³o¤G­Ó¤ñ¥CÂàÅÜ¡A±o¨ì¥¿­±ªº§Q¯q¡A¥L³o»ò°µ¤£¬O¬°¤F­n­V³d¥L¤H¡C

²Ä¤G­Ó³õ¦X¡A¤j­{¸­¤]¤@¼Ë¤£Ä@¥h±Ð»|¤ñ¥C¡A­ì¦]¬O¡A¥L­Ì¤£ªA±q§i»|¡B¯Ê¥Fµ½¯qªº¼ö¸Û¡B¯Ê¥F±Ó¾U¥Ç¿ùªº²ÛºF¤ß©M©Æ¬È¤ß(¦³ºF¦³·\)¡A¦Ó¥B´¼¼z¿ðº¢¡BªÅ¬}¡C¤j­{¸­¤ñ³ë³o¨Ç¥X®a¤Hªº¶É¼Zª¬ªp¡A¦³¦p³±¯Êªº¤ë«G¡G¤éº¥¿Æ¥¢¨ä²MÄR(«H¤ß/¼ö¸Û)¡A¤éº¥°h¥¢¨ä¶ê«×(²ÛºF¤ß)¡A¤éº¥°h¥¢¨ä¥ú½÷(¥Ç¿ùªº©Æ¬È¤ß/¦³·\¤ß)¡A¤éº¥°h¥¢¨ä°ª«×(ºë¶i¤ß)¡A¤éº¥°h¥¢¨ä¼e«×(´¼¼z)¡C They are like the waning moon that daily loses in beauty (confidence), in roundness (shame), in splendor (fear of wrong-doing), in height (energy), and in width (wisdom). (SN.16:7)

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¡u¤j­{¸­¡A±q«e¹¬¹Îªºªø¦Ñ­Ì³£¬O¦í¦b¾ðªL¶¡¡A¥H¦«²Ú¬°¥Í¡A¬ï¯}¥¬Á_±µªº¹¬¦ç¡A¥u¥Î¤T¦ç¡A¤Ö±ýª¾¨¬¡A¿W¤@ÀR³B¡A»·Â÷¤j²³¡Aºë¯«¥R¨K¡A¦Ó¥B¥L­ÌÆg´­©M¹ªÀy³oºØ¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡F·í³o¨Çªø¦Ñ­Ì³QÁܽШì¦x¼q¥h®É¡A¥L­ÌªºÄm¨­­P¤O©ó­×¦æ¨ü¨ì¼ö¯PÅwªï©M§·q¡A¦Ó¥B¦~«C¥X®a¤H¤]ºÜ¤O¥é¾Çªø¦Ñ­Ìªº­×¦æ¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡A³o¼Ë¹ï¥L­Ì¦³ªø»·ªº¤j§Q¯q¡C¡v

¡u¦ý¬O¡A¤j­{¸­¡A¦p¤µ¨º¨Ç³QÁܽШì¦x¼q¨ü§·qªº¡A¤£¬O²¾ë©M»{¯u­×¦æªº¥X®a¤H¤F¡A¤Ï¦Ó¬O¨º¨Ç¦³ª¾¦W«×¡B¤j²³¤Æ¡A¥H¤Î³Q¤j¶q¨ÑÀ³¸ê¨ãªº¥X®a¤H¡F³o¨Ç¥X®a¤H¨ü¨ìÅwªï©M§·q¡A¦Ó¥B¦~«C¥X®a¤H·¥¤O®Ä¥é¥L­Ì¡A³o¼Ë±N±aµ¹¥L­Ìªø»·ªºº×®`¡C(ºK¿ý¦Û¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:8)¡v

¦b¥t¥~¤@­Ó³õ¦X¡A¤j­{¸­°Ý¦òªû¡G¡u¥@´L¡A¬O¤°»ò­ì¦]¡H¥H«e¤Ö¨î§Ù«ß¡A«o¦³¸û¦h¤ñ¥Cµý±oªüùº~´¼¼z(³Ì°ª´¼¼z)¡A²{¦b¦h¨î§Ù«ß¡A¤Ï¦Ó¸û¤Ö¤ñ¥Cµý±oªüùº~´¼¼z(³Ì°ª´¼¼z)¡H¡v

¥@´L¦^µª¡G¡u­{¸­¡A¥¦¬O³o¼Ë²£¥Íªº¡A·í²³¥Í¼Z¸¨®É¡A¯u¹êªº¦òªk´N®ø´î¤F¡A©Ò¥H¦h¨î§Ù«ß¡A¤Ï¦Ó¸û¤Ö¤ñ¥Cµý±oªüùº~´¼¼z¡C«_µPªº¦òªk¤£¥X²{¥@¶¡¡A¯u¹ê¦òªk±N¤£·|®ø´î¡F¦ý¬O¡A·í«_µPªº¦òªk¥X²{¥@¶¡¡A¯u¹ê¦òªk´N®ø´î¤F¡C­{¸­¡A¥¦¤£¬O¦]¬°¦a¡B¤ô¡B¤õ¡B­·¥|¤j¤¸¯Àªº¬yÅܨϥ¿ªk®ø¥¢¡A¤]¤£¬O¦]¬°Ãþ¦ü²î°¦¶W¸ü¦Ó³y¦¨·À³»¡F¦Ó¬O¡A¦]¬°¦³¤ñ¥C¡B¤ñ¥C¥§¡A¥H¤Î¦b®a¨k«H®{¡B¤k«H®{¨ã¦³¤­ºØ·lÃa©Êªº²ß©Ê³y¦¨¤F¥¿ªk«sÀZ©M®ø·À¡C³o¤­ºØ·´Ãh©Êªº²ß©Ê¬O: 1.¤£´L­«¡B¤£«H©À¦ò¡A2.¤£´L­«¡B¤£«H©À¥¿ªk¡A3. ¤£´L­«¡B¤£«H©ÀÁn»D¹¬¦÷¡A4.¤£´L­«¡B¤£«H©À¦¥«ß¡A5.¤£´L­«¡B¤£­×²ß(¤îÆ[¥­¿Åªº)¤T¬N©w¡C¦ý¬O¡A¥u­n¦ò¡B¥¿ªk¡BÁn»D¹¬¦÷¡B§Ù«ß©M(¤îÆ[¥­¿Åªº)¤T¬N©w³Q´L­«©M³Q«H©À¡A¨º»ò¯u¹êªº¦òªk±N¥i§K©ó«sÀZ©M®ø·À¡C¡v(¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:13)

§Ú­ÌÀ³¸Óª`·N¨ì¡A®Ú¾Ú¸g¨åªº°O¸ü¡A¦b®a¨k«H®{¡B¤k«H®{¤]¬O¦òªkªº«OÅ@ªÌ¡F±q³o¸Ì§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±o¨ìµ²½×¡A·í¦òªk³Q¥X®a¤H¿ò§Ñ¡A¦Ó³Q¦b®a¤H´L­«©M­×²ß®É¡A¥¦¤´µM±o¥H«O¯d¤U¨Ó¡C

¨ä¥L»P¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¦³Ãöªº¸g¤å¡A¥D­n½Í¨ì¥LªºÀYªû¦æ¥Í¬¡¬O³Q¦òªû·¥¤OÆg½à©M±À±Rªº¡C¦ý¬O¦òªû¦b±ß¦~ªº±Ð¤Æ´Á¶¡¡A¦³¤@¦¸«o´£¥Ü¤j­{¸­¡A»¡¥L²{¦b¤xº¥¤J¦Ñ¦~¤F¡A¥²¶·©ñ±ó³o²ÊÁW¡B¯}Äê¡B¥O¤H¶û´cªº¹¬¦ç¤F¡F¦òªû«Øij¥L¡A²{¦bÀ³¸Ó§ï¬ï¦b®a¤H¨Ñ¾iªº¹¬¦ç¡A±µ¨ü¦b®a¤HªºÁܽСA¦P®É·h¥h¦í¦b¾aªñ¦òªûªº¦a¤è¡F¦ý¬O¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¦^µª¡G¡uªø¤[¥H¨Ó¡A§Ú¬O´ËªL¤¤ªºÁô©~ªÌ¡A¥H¦«²Ú¤^­¹¬°¥Í©M¬ï¯}Ä깬¦ç¡A§Ú±ÀÝ^¨ä¥L¤H¹L³o¼Ëªº¥Í¬¡¡F§Ú¤Ö±ý¡Bª¾¨¬¡A¿W¤@ÀR³B¡B±Mºë­×¦æ¡A§Ú¤]±ÀÝ^¨ä¥L¤H¹L³o¼Ëªº¥Í¬¡¡C¡v

¦òªû°Ý¥L¡G¡u¤°»ò­ì¦]§A­n¹L³o¼Ëªº¥Í¬¡¡H¡v¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¦^µª¡G¡u¬°¤F¤G­Ó­ì¦]¡G¬°¤F§Ú¦Û¤v¦w¦í©ó·í«e¡B·í¤Uªº³ßÑt¡A¦P®É¬°¤F·O·]¥¼¨Óªº¥X®a¤H¡A·í¥L­ÌÅ¥¨ì¦³³o¼Ëªº¥X®a¥Í¬¡®É¡A¥L­Ì¥i¯à·|·Q­n¥é®Ä¶Æ¾Ç¡C¡v¦òªû©ó¬O»¡¡G¡u»¡±o¦n¡A­{¸­¡A»¡±o¦n¡I§A³o¼Ë¥Í¬¡¬O¬°¤FºØºØ¦w¼Ö¡A¬O¬°¤F·O·]¥@¶¡¡A¬O¬°¤F½Ñ¤Ñ¤HÃþªº§Q¯q©MºÖ¬ç¡A§A¥i¥HÄ~Äò¬ï§Aªº²ÊÁW¡B¯}Ä깬¦ç¡AÄ~Äò¥H¦«²Ú¤^­¹¬°¥Í¡A©MÄ~Äò¦í¦bªL¶¡¾ð¤U¡C¡v(¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:5)

¡u³o´N¬O§Ú­Ìªº­{¸­¡C¡v¦òªû»¡¡G¡u¥Lª¾¨¬©ó¥ô¦ó¯}Äꪺ¹¬¦ç¡B¥ô¦ó¤^¨Óªº­¹ª«¡B¥ô¦ó´Ï¨­³B¡B¥ô¦óÀò±oªºÃÄ«~¡C¥Ñ©ó³o(¤Ö±ýª¾¨¬ªº)½t¬G¡A¥L±N¤£·|°µ¥ô¦ó¤@¥ó¤£¾A©y¥X®a¤Hªº¨Æ¡C°²¦p¥L¨S¦³±o¨ì¥ô¦ó¥|¸ê­Ñªº¨Ñ¾i¡A¥L¤£·|§xÂZ¡A¦Ó¦pªG¥L±o¨ì¤F¡A¥L¤£·|°õµÛ©Î³gÅÊ¡A¤£·|¥Ç¤U¥ô¦ó¿ù¥¢¡A¥Lĵı©ó¥i¯àµo¥Íªº¦MÀI¡A¦P®É¤Fª¾¥H¥¦­Ì¨Ó¶W¶V¦â¨­ªº­W´o¡C¤ñ¥C­Ì¡A§Ú±N±Ð¥Ü§A­Ì¡A­n¥H­{¸­¬°º]¼Ë¡A©Î¥H»P¥Lµ¥½èªº­×¦æªÌ¬°º]¼Ë¡C§Ú¦p¬O±Ð»|ªº¡A§A­ÌÀ³¸Ó¨Ì·Ó¬Û¦Pªº¤èªk¥h­×«ù¡C¡v(¬ÛÀ³³¡¥§¬_­C16:1)

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ªüìG¥@¤ý©MªüÃø«Ü§Ö¦a»°¨ÓÂû¨¬¤s¬Ý¤j­{¸­¡A³o®É¤s¯ß¦Û°Ê¤À¶}²{¥X¤j­{¸­ªº¨­Åéµ¹¥L­Ì¤µø¡CªüìG¥@¤ý·Q­n¤õ¤Æ¥L¡A¦ýªüÃø§i¶D¥L¤j­{¸­ªº¿òÅ饲¶·§¹¾ã«O¦s¨ìÀ±°Ç¦ò¥X¥@¤H¶¡¡C¤§«á¡A¤s¯ß¦A«×¦XÃl»\¦í¤F¥L¡AªüìG¥@¤ý©MªüÃø©ó¬OÂ÷¥h¤F¡C¤¤°ê¥_¶Ç¦ò±Ð±NÂû¨¬¤s³]©w¦b¤¤°êªº¦è«n¤è¡A¦Ó¥B¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¥v¶Ç¦³«Ü¦h°O¸ü¡A¨ÓÂû¨¬¤s´Â¸tªº°@¸Û¥X®a¤H³£´÷±æ¤@¨£¤j­{¸­µ²³lÁI§¤µ¥«ÝÀ±°Ç¦òªº¿òÅé¡C

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¤E¡B¤j­{¸­ªºÁIÔU (The Verses of Mahakassapa)

¦b¡mªø¦ÑÔU¡n¸Ì¡A¦³40­º(1051~90)ÁIÔU¬OÄÝ©ó¤j­{¸­´LªÌªº¡C³o¨Ç¸Ö¸`¤Ï¬MµÛ³o¦ì°¶¤jªø¦Ñªº¤@¨Ç¯S½è©M§Ù¼w¡G¥LªºÀYªû¦æ²ßºD©M¤Ö±ýª¾¨¬¡A¥L¹ï¦Û¤x©M¥L¤HªºÄYÂÔ¡A¥Lªº¿W¥ßºë¯«©M¦Û«H¡A¥Lªº°¾¦n¿W©~­×¦æ©M»·Â÷¸s²³¡A¥LªºÄm¨­©ó­×²ß¤îÆ[©MÄm¨­©óÁI¨ºªº¹çÀR¡C³o¨ÇÁIÔU¦P®É®i²{µÛ¦b´²¤åÅé¨îªº¸g¨å¸Ì­±©Ò¤£´¿¬yÅSªº---¥L¹ï©P³ò«Õ¬ü¤j¦ÛµMªº±¡Ýh¡C

¤U­±©Ò´£¨Ñªº¸Ö¿ï¡A¥i¯à¬OC. A. F. Rhys Davids ©M K. R. Norman©ÒŪ¨ìªº±N¤§­^Ķªº§@«~¡C¶}ÀYªºÁIÔU¡A¬O¤j­{¸­´LªÌ§i»|¥X®a¤H¡A¹ï¥X®a¥Í¬¡¤§¥|¸ê­Ñ(¦ç¡B­¹¡B¦í¡BÂåÃÄ)ªº­n¨D­n­×²ß¤Ö±ýª¾¨¬¡G

§Ú±q¤s¤W­T½´¤U¨Ó¡A Having come down from my mountain lodging.
¶i«°¥h¦«²Ú¤^­¹¡C I entered the city to collect my alms.
§ÚÁ¾®¥¦a¨«¦V¤@­Ó¤H¡A Courteously I came up to a man,
¤@­Ó¥¿¦b¥ÎÀ\ªº·òºÆ¯f¤H¡C A leper who was eating a meal.

¥L¥HÅì¤ùª¬¬V¯fªº¤â With his hand all leprous and diseased
©à°_¤@¼¼­¹ª«¨Ñ¾i§Ú¡C He offered me a morsel of food.
·í¥L±N³o¼¼­¹ª«©ñ¶i²Ú¤¤®É As he placed the morsel in my bowl
¤@°¦¯}µõªº«üÀY¦b²Ú¤¤Â½Âà¡C A finger broke off and toppled in.
§Ú¦b¤@³BÀð¸}Ã䧤¤U I sat down at the base of a wall
¦YµÛ¥L§G¬Iªº³o¼¼­¹ª«¡C And ate the morsel he had given me.
§Ú­¹¥Î®É©M­¹¥Î«á Wile I was eating and after I had finished
¥þµL¹½´cªº·P¨ü¡C I did not feel the least disgust.

´Ý´í¸Hª«¬°­¹¡A»G¯ä§¿²G¬°ÃÄ¡AUsing left-over scraps as food, putrid urine as medicine,
ªL¶¡¾ð¤U¬°©~¡A¬Bºó¸H¥¬¬°¦ç¡FThe foot of a tree for lodging, a robe made from cast-off rage¡F
¤x¸g§JªA±ý±æªº¤H One who has gained mastery over these
¬O¯u¥¿ÀH¹J¦Ó¦wªÌ¡C Is truly a man everywhere at home.
(Thag. 1054~57)


¦³¤H°Ý¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¡A¬°¤°»ò¥L¤x¨ì¤F¦ÑÁÚ¤§¦~¡AÁÙ­n¦í¦b©¥¥Û¤s¤W¨C¤Ñª¦¤Wª¦¤Uªº¡H

¥L¦p¬O¦^µª¡G

·í¤H­Ì­Â²Ö©óÃkª¦ While some grow weary as they climb
³oÀI®m°~®kªº©¥¥Û¤s®É¡A The steep slope of the rocky mountain,
­{¸­¥H¯«³q¤O¯B¦æ¦Ó¤W--- Kassapa ascends, buoyed by psychic power---
¥H¥¿©À©úı¡A¬°¦òªûªºªkªºÄ~©Ó¤H¡CThe Buddha¡¦s heir, aware and mindful.

¨C¤Ñ¦«²Ú¤^­¹Âk¨Ó¡A Having returned from his daily alms round,
Ãk¤W©¥¥Û¤s¡A Having climbed up the rocky mountain,
­{¸­¦w¦í¦bÂ÷±ýªº¤îÆ[¸Ì¡A Kassapa meditates free from clinging,
Äß©È©M©Æ¬È¥þµM±ËÂ÷¡C With fear and trembling well abandoned.

¨C¤Ñ¦«²Ú¤^­¹Âk¨Ó¡A Having returned from his daily alms round,
Ãk¤W©¥¥Û¤s¡A Having climbed up the rocky mountain,
­{¸­¦w¦í¦b²M²bªº¤îÆ[¸Ì¡A Kassapa meditates free from clinging,
¤îº¶¤F¨º¨Ç¨`¶Ë¤Hªº±¡±ý¡C Quenched among those who burn with passion.

¨C¤Ñ¦«²Ú¤^­¹Âk¨Ó¡A Having returned from his daily alms round,
Ãk¤W©¥¥Û¤s¡A Having climbed up the rocky mountain,
­{¸­¦w¦í¦b²M²bªº¤îÆ[¸Ì¡A Kassapa meditates free from clinging,
¥L©Ò§@¤x§@¡A·Ð´o¤xÂ_¡C His task done, his cankers gone. (Thag. 1058~61)


¦³¤H¦A°Ý¤j­{¸­´LªÌ¡A¬°¤°»ò¥L¤x¨ì¤F¦ÑÁÚ¤§¦~¡AÁÙ³ßÅw¦í¦b¤sªL¤¤¡AÃø¹D¥L¤£³ßÅw¹³¦ËªLºëªÙ©Î¨ä¥Lªº­×¦æ¶é¶Ü¡H¥L¦p¬O¦^µª¡G

¹M¦aÂл\µÛkareriªáºù¡A Spread over with kareri garlands,
³o¦a¤è¥O§Ú¤ßïɯ«©É¡A These regions are delightful to my heart,
¤s¶¡¦^ÂQµÛ¶H¸sªº»ïÁn¡A³o¤\¥i·R¡A Resounding with elephants, so lovely,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ßÑt¡C Those rocky mountains give me delight.

§§ÄRªº²`ÂŦⶳ¼h¡A The splendid hue of dark-blue clouds,
¤s¶¡·Ë¤ô¼ë¬y¡A²M²D¡B¼áº«¡A Where streams are flowing, cool and clear,
§Gº¡¤Findagopaka©øÂΡA Covered with indagopaka insects,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ßÑt¡C Those rocky mountains give me delight.

¹³ÄÞ®oµ´³»ªº¼h¼h²`ÂŶ³®p¡A Like towering peaks of dark-blue clouds,
¹³°ª§§¤s§Î³»»\ªº¼l¼l¼Ó¦t¡A Like lofty houses with gabled roofs,
¤s¶¡¦^ÂQµÛ¶H¸sªº»ïÁn¡A³o¤\¥i·R¡A Resounding with elephants, so lovely,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ßÑt¡C Those rocky mountains give me delight.

©¥¥Ûªº¬üÄRªí¼h¸g¹L«B¤ô¨R¨ê¡A Their lovely surfaces lashed by rain,
¤s¯ß¬O¥ýıªÌ¨Ì¤î¤§³B¡C The mountains are resorted to by seers.
¤s¶¡¦@»ïµÛ¤Õ³¶³ÚÁn¡A Echoing with the cries of peacocks,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ßÑt¡C Those rocky mountains give me delight.

¥ßÄ@­×¦æ¡A³oÀô¹Ò°÷§Úº¡·N¤F¡A This is enough for me, desiring to meditate,
¨¬¥HÅý§Ú°í¼Ýºë¶i©M«O«ù©Àı¡F Enough for me, resolute and mindful;
³oÀô¹Ò¨¬¥HÅý§Ú¡A¤@­Ó¤ñ¥C¡A This is enough for me, a bhikkhu,
°í¼Ýºë¶i¡AÁÚ¦V(ªüùº~)¥Ø¼Ð¡C Resolute, desirous of the goal.

´÷±æ¦w¶h¡A³oÀô¹Ò°÷§Úº¡·N¤F¡A This is enough for me, desiring comfort,
¹ï¤@­Ó¦³°í¼Ý¤ßªº¤ñ¥C¡C A bhikkhu with a resolute mind.
´÷±æ¤W¶i¡A³oÀô¹Ò°÷§Úº¡·N¤F¡A This is enough for me, desiring exertion,
¹ï¤@Áû¤£°Ê·nªº°í¼Ý¤ß¡C A stable one of resolute mind.

¹³²±¶}ªºÂŦâ¨È³Â¡A They are like the blue blossoms of flax,
¹³¬îªÅÂл\ªº¶³¼h¡A Like the autumn sky covered with clouds,
³\¦h³¾Ãþ¸s©~¨ä¶¡¡A With flocks of many kinds of birds,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ß®®¡C Those rocky mountains give me delight.

¨S¦³¦b®a¸s²³¹CÄý¤s¥C¡A No crowds of lay folk visit these hills,
¥L­Ì¶È¬O¾i³À¤H®a¡A But they are inhabited by herds of deer,
³\¦h³¾Ãþ¸s©~¨ä¶¡¡A With flocks of many kinds of birds,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ß®® Those rocky mountains give me delight.

¼e¼sªº¤s®l¨¦¤ô¬y²Mº«¡A Wide gorges are there where clear water flows,
µU¸s»P³À¸s¬y³s§Ñªð¡A Haunted by monkeys and by deer,
¦a¤WçE»\Àã¼íªº«C­a¦a´à¡A Covered by wet carpets of moss,
©¥¥Û¤s¯ß±aµ¹§Ú³ß®®¡C Those rocky mountains give me delight.

¤­­«­µ¼Ö¤j¦X«µ The music of a five-piece ensemble
¥¼¯àµ¹§Ú¤Ó¦h³ß®® Can never give me so much delight
¦]¬°·í®É§Ú¥H¤@¹Ò©Ê¤ß As I derive when with one-pointed mind
¦p¹ê¤ºÆ[¹ê¬Ûªk¡C I gain proper insight into the Dhamma.
(Thag. 1062~71)


¤U­±ªºÁIÔU¡A¬O¤j­{¸­´LªÌ©Òµo¥Xªº ¡§·à§q¡¨ ¤§Án¡G

¦òªû±Ð¬Éªù®{¤¤¡A As far as the range of this Buddha-field extends,
°£¤F°¶¤jªº¥@´L¥L¦Û¤v¡A Excepting the great sage himself,
§Ú¬OÀYªû¦æ²Ä¤@ªÌ¡A I am the foremost in ascetic virtues,
µL¦³¥L¤H»P§Úµ¥¦P¡C One my equal cannot be found.

§Ú¹ï¾É®v¤xºÉ¾¡A The Teacher has been served by me,
§¹¦¨¦òªûªº±Ðªk¡C The Buddha¡¦s Teaching has been done.
­«¥ô¤x±s¡A The heavy burden has been dropped,
¥Í¦º¤§®Ú¤xÂ_ The conduit to becoming has been uprooted.

µL¶q¸Ñ²æªº³ì¹F¼¯ Gotama the immeasurable does not cling
¤£³gµÛ©ó¦ç¡B¦í¡B­¹¡C To robe, to lodging, or to food.
¥L¯Â²b±o¹³¤@¦·¥Õ½¬¡A He is untainted like a spotless lotus,
¤x¸g¥XÂ÷¡A¶W¶V¤T¬É¡C Bent on renunciation, beyond the three worlds.

©úı©À¦í¬O¥LªºÀV¬W¡F The foundations of mindfulness are his neck;
³o°¶¤j¸tªÌªº«H¤ß´x´¤¦b¥LÂù¤â¡F The Great Sage has faith for his hands;
¦¹¥~¡A§¹¬ü¡B±R°ªªº´¼¼z®i²{¦b¥LÃB¬Ü¡FAbove, his brow is perfect wisdom; nobly wise,
¥LµL±ý¹çÀR¦aº©¦æ©ó¥ô¦ó®É¤¤¡C He ever wanders with all desire quenched.
(Thag. 1087~1090)

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¤G¡B ¤Ú¹F ­{²¦Äõ¥§ ( Bhadda Kapilani )
(¦b²Ä¤@¸`ªº³Ì«á¡A»¡¨ì¤j­{¸­»P¤Ú¹F±Ë±ó®a²£¨M¼Ý¥X®a¡A¥L­Ì¨«¨ì¤@­Ó¤Q¦r¸ô¤f®É«K¤À¶}¤F¡A¦U¨«¦Uªº¸ô¡A¬°¤F­n´M¨D¨º±R°ªªº¥Ø¼Ð--·À­W--¨s³º¸Ñ²æªºªüùº~¸t¹D¡C)

¤Ú¹F¨«ªº¸ô¡A¥¿¬O³q©¹ªÙ½Ã«°ªº¤è¦V¡A¦o´¿¦bªÙ½Ã«°ªº¯­¶éÅ¥¹L¦òªûªº¶}¥Ü¡C·í®É¤ñ¥C¥§¹¬¹Î©|¥¼¦¨¥ß¡A©Ò¥H¦o´N¦í¦bÂ÷¯­¶é¤£»·ªº¤@­Ó«D¦ò±Ðªº¤k­×¦æ¶é¡C¦o¦b³o¸Ì¦í¤F¦³¤­¦~¡Aª½¨ì¦o±o¥H¥X®a¬°¤ñ¥C¥§¡C¥X®a¨S¦h¤[¦o´Nµý±o¤F±ë¦æªº³Ì°ª¹Ò¬É---ªüùº~¡A¦òªûºÙÆg¤Ú¹F¬O¤ñ¥C¥§¤¤±J©R³q²Ä¤@ªÌ(AN 1, chap. 14)¡C¦b¤Ú§Q½×®Ñ©M¡m¥»¥Í½Í¡n¸Ì¡A°O¸ü¤@¨Ç¦oªº«e¥@¬G¨Æ¡A¦o«e¥@´¿¸g¬O¤j­{¸­ªº©d¤l¡C

¦³¤@¤Ñ¦o°O­z¤F¤U­±ªºÁIÔU¡AÆg¬ü¤j­{¸­¡A¦P®É«ÅºÙ¦o¦Û¤vªº¦¨´N¡G

¦òªûªº¨à¤l©Mª½©Ó¹Þ¤l¡A A son of the Buddha and his rightful heir,
¤j­{¸­¤îÆ[²`´ï Great Kassapa who is well concentrated
±oª¾¹L¥h¥@ Knows his abodes in previous lives
±o¨£¤Ñ°ó¡B¦aÀ®¡C And sees the heavens and planes of woe.

¥L¤]¬O ¥Í¦º¤xÂ_¡A He too has attained the destruction of birth,
¦¨´N³Ì°ª¥X¥@¶¡´¼ªº¸tªÌ¡F A sage consummate in direct knowledge;
ªÃ½á¤TºØ©ú´¼¡A Endowed with these three modes of knowledge,
³o¦ì(¯u¥¿ªº)±ë§Ó¬O¤T©ú­Ñ¨¬ªÌ¡C The brahmin is a triple-knowledge bearer.

¤Ú¹F­{²¦Äõ¥§ ¥çµM Just so is Bhadda Kapilani
¬O¥Í¦º¤xºÉ¡B¤T©ú­Ñ¨¬ªº¤ñ¥C¥§¡C A triple-knowledge nun who has left Death behind,
¤x©ºªA¤ÑÅ]©M¨äÅ]®{¡A Having conquered Mara and his mount,
¶È¾Ö¦³³Ì«áªº¤@¥Í¦â¨­¡C She lives bearing her final body.

¦]¹ý¨£¥@¶¡½ü­~ªºÀIÃø¡A Having seen the grave danger in the world,
§Ú­Ç¥X®a­×¦æ¡C We both went forth into homelessness.
¦p¤µ§Ú­Ì¬O­WÃøªººR·´ªÌ¡F Now we are destroyers of the cankers;
¥H©Àı©M¹çÀR¡A§Ú­Ìµý±o¯Iºn¡C Tamed and cool, we have won Nibbana.

¤x¦¨´Nªüùº~ªº¤ñ¥C¥§¡A¤Ú¹F¡A¥þ¤ß­P¤O¦b¦~«C¤ñ¥C¥§ªº±Ð¨|¤W¡A¥H¤Î«ü¾É¦o­Ì¹¬¹Îªº§Ù³W¡C¦b¤ñ¥C¥§§Ù²Ó«h(Bhikkhuni Vibhanga / Analysis of Nuns¡¦ Discipline)¸Ì¡A°O¿ý¤F¦oªº¾Ç¥Í©Ò¯A¤Îªº¹ê¨Ò¡A³o¨Ç¹ê¨Òµ¹¤ñ¥C¥§­Ì§@¬°¹ê»Úªº¹¬¹Î§Ù«ß³W½d¡C¦¹¥~¤]¦³¤G­Ó¹ê¨Ò¡A·í®É¤Ú¹F¥²¶·®e§Ô¥t¤@¤ñ¥C¥§Thullananda¹ï¦oªº¶ú§ª¡A³o¤ñ¥C¥§¤]¹ï¤j­{¸­¤ßÃh¼Ä·N¡CThullananda ¦bªk¸q¤Wªº³y¸Ú«Ü¦n¡A¦Ó¥B¬O­Ó¯à¨¥µ½¹Dªº»¡ªk®v¡A¦ý©úÅ㪺¡A¦oªºÁo©ú¤~´¼³Ó¹L¦oªº¼e®e¤ß¡A¦o¦Û§Ú·NÃѱj¯P¡A¥H­PµLªk§ïÅܦH©Ê¡A³o¦H©Ê¤w¸g¦b«Ü¦h§Ù¥»¤W³Qµý©ú¤F¡C¨º®É¤Ú¹F¤]¬O­Ó«Ü¨üÅwªïªº»¡ªk®v¡A¬Æ¦Ü¤@¨ÇThullanandaªº¾Ç¥Í³£³ßÅw¦o¡AThullananda¤ß¥Í¶ú§ª¡A³]ªk­n§xÂZ¤Ú¹F¡A¤@¦¸¦o±aµÛ¾Ç¥Í¦b¤Ú¹Fªº­TªÙ«e­±¨«¤W¨«¤Uªº¤jÁn­I»w¡A¦òªû¦]¦¹³d³Æ¦o¡C¥t¥~¤@¦¸¡A¬O¤Ú¹F­n¨DThullananda¦bµy«á©èªÙ½Ã«°®É¬°¦o¦w±ÆÁ{®Éªº­TªÙ¡A¦ý¬O¡AThullananda¤S¦b¤@­Ó¶ú§ª¤ßªº¿Eµo¤U¡A¤£Åý¤Ú¹F¦í¶i­TªÙ¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤Ú¹F¤x¸g¬O­Óªüùº~¤F¡A¤x¤£¦A³Q³o¨Ç¨Æ°È©Ò¤zÂZ¤F¡A¦o¥H±Ë¤ß©M´d¤ß¨Ó¹ï«Ý¦o­Ì¡C

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